Laboratory of International Best Practices Analysis
Институт Гайдара
Публикации на сайте 92
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Искусственный интеллект 1 января 2026 EN
· How to provide AI with power · Restricting children's access to social media · Benefits of data transfer
Сountries are creating computing infrastructures for AI to operate. Large models require enormous computing power—modern processors and electric power are needed.
Мониторинг No. 1 (25), January 2026 -
Данные и приватность 1 ноября 2025 EN
Facilitating use of personal data
In November 2025, the European Commission presented a package of amendments to EU legislation aimed at simplifying data management to support29 innovation, particularly AI. The...
Мониторинг No. 11 (23), November 2025 -
Инфраструктура и связь 1 ноября 2025 EN
Digitalization of public health
In November 2025, the OECD presented24 a report on the digitization of public health, highlighting best practices in four areas:
Мониторинг No. 11 (23), November 2025 -
Налоги и финтех 1 ноября 2025 EN
Access to banking data
In November 2025, the EU agreed on a19 new Payment Services Directive (PSD3), which regulates the activities of payment service providers (banks and non-bank fintech companies)...
Мониторинг No. 11 (23), November 2025 -
Платформы и конкуренция 1 ноября 2025 EN
Anticompetitive practices online
In November 2025, China issued17 Antitrust Guidelines for Platforms. Platforms are required to implement compliance systems and manage risks.
Мониторинг No. 11 (23), November 2025 -
Цифровая безопасность 1 ноября 2025 EN
Children’s online safety
In November 2025, the EU adopted a9 resolution to strengthen the protection of children on the Internet due to their sensitivity to destructive content created by AI, gaming...
Мониторинг No. 11 (23), November 2025 -
Искусственный интеллект 1 ноября 2025 EN
AI in key spheres
From November 2025, the Genesis3 Mission was launched in the US to create an “American Science and Security Platform” for scientific data for the purpose of training...
Мониторинг No. 11 (23), November 2025 -
Искусственный интеллект 1 октября 2025 EN
Personal data for AI
In October 2025 Germany issued a Data Protection Guide for companies using generative AI technologies based on the search42 and augmented generation method . “RAG” method means...
Мониторинг No. 10 (22), October 2025 -
Данные и приватность 1 октября 2025 EN
Cross-border data transfer
In October 2025, China adopted rules simplifying cross-border data transfers through certification. As a general rule, data transfers to third countries are possible upon...
Мониторинг No. 10 (22), October 2025 -
Инфраструктура и связь 1 октября 2025 EN
Protecting users of the Internet of Things
In October 2025, the US passed legislation to protect victims of Internet of Things devices. These devices include, for example, smart home technologies (automatic light...
Мониторинг No. 10 (22), October 2025 -
Инфраструктура и связь 1 октября 2025 EN
Risks of quantum computers
In October 2025, Singapore released a draft guide on how organizations can implement “quantum-resistant solutions” to overcome the risks posed by quantum computers (e.g., data...
Мониторинг No. 10 (22), October 2025 -
Налоги и финтех 1 октября 2025 EN
Tokenization of the financial market
In October 2025, a bill on a new type of digital asset—debt DFA—was submitted to the State Duma. These are the digital equivalent of bonds: investors provide money to the...
Мониторинг No. 10 (22), October 2025 -
Налоги и финтех 1 октября 2025 EN
Tax equalization of e-commerce
In October 2025, the EU Court ruled on a dispute over the collection of VAT on in-app purchases made prior to 2015 through an app store platform operated by a company in...
Мониторинг No. 10 (22), October 2025 -
Платформы и конкуренция 1 октября 2025 EN
Competition in technology transfer
In October 2025, the EU presented draft rules that would automatically exempt certain4 technology transfer agreements from being5 deemed anti-competitive until intellectual...
Мониторинг No. 10 (22), October 2025 -
Налоги и финтех 1 сентября 2025 EN
Data governance regulation
In September 2025, the UK discussed the idea of introducing the Smart Data Scheme, a mechanism for accessing user and business data. Smart data refer to any user and business...
Мониторинг No. 9 (21), September 2025 -
Данные и приватность 1 сентября 2025 EN
Vehicles owners’ access to their vehicle data
In September 2025, the European Commission published guidance on the EU Data30 Act 2023 regarding access to data collected by car manufacturers during vehicle operation and the...
Мониторинг No. 9 (21), September 2025 -
Искусственный интеллект 1 сентября 2025 EN
Responsible AI in business and government
In September 2025, the OECD published a review of the first reports from companies as part of the Hiroshima Process on AI, a G7 initiative to establish universal rules for the...
Мониторинг No. 9 (21), September 2025 -
Платформы и конкуренция 1 сентября 2025 EN
Fraudulent online practices
In September 2025, China's antitrust agency (SAMR) published enforcement practice of investigating false advertising in e-commerce. For example, Desheng Hospital in Shanghai...
Мониторинг No. 9 (21), September 2025 -
Налоги и финтех 1 сентября 2025 EN
Cryptocurrencies as commodities
In September 2025, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) commenced discussions on the use of tokenized assets and stablecoins as collateral in derivatives markets.
Мониторинг No. 9 (21), September 2025 -
Налоги и финтех 1 сентября 2025 EN
Consumer protection in the realm of immersive technologies
In September 2025, Australia released a5 review of the risks associated with the use of immersive technologies. These technologies allow users to interact with digital content...
Мониторинг No. 9 (21), September 2025 -
Платформы и конкуренция 1 августа 2025 EN
Data on competition
The Supreme People's Court presented a selection of competition cases related to the use37 of data. In one case, Company A (the defendant) copied more than 50,000 videos from...
Мониторинг No. 8 (20), August 2025 -
Искусственный интеллект 1 августа 2025 EN
Development of openness of AI models and rights to AI generated content
In August 2025, the OECD presented a report on “AI openness”, describing how countries can implement frameworks for freely distributed components of AI models. The OECD...
Мониторинг No. 8 (20), August 2025 -
Данные и приватность 1 августа 2025 EN
Personal data regulation
The California Privacy Protection Agency held consultations on the implementation of the unified “DROP” portal (under the 2023 Deletion23 Act ). Previously, California...
Мониторинг No. 8 (20), August 2025 -
Платформы и конкуренция 1 августа 2025 EN
Platform pricing
China has published draft pricing rules for22 e-commerce platforms and sellers.
Мониторинг No. 8 (20), August 2025 -
Налоги и финтех 1 августа 2025 EN
Regulating cryptocurrencies
In August 2025, Hong Kong discussed a10 draft regulation on virtual asset trading. It provides for mandatory licensing of companies engaged in transactions with virtual assets...
Мониторинг No. 8 (20), August 2025 -
Искусственный интеллект 1 июля 2025 EN
Responsible AI governance
In July 2025, a report was released on32 practices for countering deepfakes including methods for labeling content so that users can recognize and flag deepfakes: invisible33...
Мониторинг No. 7 (19), July 2025 -
Налоги и финтех 1 июля 2025 EN
Regulating crypto assets
In July 2025 the European regulator ESMA issued Guidelines for providers of crypto asset services (CASP), such as crypto wallets, crypto exchanges, crypto converters, etc. The...
Мониторинг No. 7 (19), July 2025 -
Платформы и конкуренция 1 июля 2025 EN
Platform pricing
In July 2025, a document entitled19 “Algorithmic Pricing and Competition” was discussed. Algorithmic pricing is the process of using automated algorithms to set or recommend...
Мониторинг No. 7 (19), July 2025 -
Платформы и конкуренция 1 июля 2025 EN
Data access
In July 2025, the EU Court of Justice ruled on the case of Lisa Ballmann v. European12 Data Protection Board (EDPB). Ballmann requested the EDPB to provide documents from13 its...
Мониторинг No. 7 (19), July 2025 -
Платформы и конкуренция 1 июля 2025 EN
Restricting e-commerce platforms
In July 2025, a draft Regulation concerning agreements for the provision of services to business users and consumers on platforms, including marketplaces, classifieds, social...
Мониторинг No. 7 (19), July 2025 -
Искусственный интеллект 1 июня 2025 EN
Regulation of tracking pixels
In June 2025, France launched a public debate on a draft recommendation regarding the use of tracking pixels in electronic22 communications. Similar guidance has also23 been...
Мониторинг No. 6 (18), June 2025 -
Данные и приватность 1 июня 2025 EN
Cross-border flows of non- personal data
In June 2025, the OECD released a report on the classification of measures affecting cross-border flows of non-personal data (i.e. data that does not identify specific...
Мониторинг No. 6 (18), June 2025 -
Данные и приватность 1 июня 2025 EN
Right to data portability
In June 2025, the South Korean government proposed to extend the “right to portability” from certain fields (medicine, telecom) to all sectors of the economy. That is, a...
Мониторинг No. 6 (18), June 2025 -
Искусственный интеллект 1 июня 2025 EN
Responsible AI governance
In June 2025, the OECD described how to extend responsible business conduct due9 diligence (hereinafter RBC) to the regulation of AI. The OECD's RBC principles address human...
Мониторинг No. 6 (18), June 2025 -
Налоги и финтех 1 мая 2025 EN
Development of national reserves in crypto-assets
Nowadays, some countries institutionalize cryptocurrency as a protective asset, while others see it as a risk to financial stability.
Мониторинг No. 5 (17), May 2025 -
Налоги и финтех 1 мая 2025 EN
Growing demand for Bitcoin
On a wave of optimism from the arrival of a new administration in the US, cryptocurrency market capitalization reached an all-time high of around $3.7 trillion in early...
Мониторинг No. 5 (17), May 2025 -
Налоги и финтех 1 мая 2025 EN
The future of digital currencies: two approaches
Nowadays, about 28 countries around the world are developing legal regulation for central bank digital currencies (CBDCs). A CBDC represents a new form of national currencies...
Мониторинг No. 5 (17), May 2025 -
Налоги и финтех 1 мая 2025 EN
Payment stablecoins
In May 2025, the US Senate approved the9 GENIUS Act bill, which for the first time regulates stablecoins at the federal level. It introduces the concept of a “payment...
Мониторинг No. 5 (17), May 2025 -
Налоги и финтех 1 мая 2025 EN
Cryptocurrencies in international settlements
A study by the Bank for International Settlements (hereinafter - BIS), published in May 2025, shows that international flows of 4 cryptoassets (Bitcoin, Ethereum, Tether and...
Мониторинг No. 5 (17), May 2025 -
Цифровая безопасность 1 апреля 2025 EN
Rising cyber risks for SMEs
In April, the WEF released the Global30 Cybersecurity Outlook 2025, highlighting 3 cybersecurity challenges: (1) growing cyber risks for SMEs, (2) growing interest of organized...
Мониторинг No. 4 (16), April 2025 -
Искусственный интеллект 1 апреля 2025 EN
Preparing the workforce for the challenges of AI
In April 2025, the OECD released a report22 on training and adoption of AI technologies. About one-third of jobs in OECD countries involve AI, and only 1% of jobs require...
Мониторинг No. 4 (16), April 2025 -
Данные и приватность 1 апреля 2025 EN
Protection of personal data on the blockchain
In April 2025 the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) released Guidelines on the processing of personal data using16 blockchain technology to comply with GDPR. The blockchain...
Мониторинг No. 4 (16), April 2025 -
Искусственный интеллект 1 апреля 2025 EN
Online anticompetitive practices
In April 2025, two abuse of dominance rulings were issued against Google in response to complaints from map service providers (like TomTom).
Мониторинг No. 4 (16), April 2025 -
Данные и приватность 1 апреля 2025 EN
Data in international trade
In April 2025, the EU and Singapore signed Digital Trade Agreement to remove measures that restrict cross-border data flows (such as requiring companies to store data on local...
Мониторинг No. 4 (16), April 2025 -
Искусственный интеллект 1 марта 2025 EN
Government procurement of high- risk AI
In March 2025, the EU published model contractual clauses for public procurement of27 high-risk AI systems (MCC-AI-High-Risk), which public contractors can include in contracts...
Мониторинг No. 3 (15), March 2025 -
Цифровая безопасность 1 марта 2025 EN
New cybersecurity requirements in the EU
In March 2025, the European Commission published a draft implementing regulation that formulated technical descriptions of the categories of products that are classified18 as...
Мониторинг No. 3 (15), March 2025 -
Цифровая безопасность 1 марта 2025 EN
Internet safety for children and businesses
In March 2025, a California state court issued a preliminary injunction against enforcement of California's Age-Appropriate15 Design Code (effective since January 2025),...
Мониторинг No. 3 (15), March 2025 -
Искусственный интеллект 1 марта 2025 EN
AI in housing
In March 2025, a bill was proposed in the11 state of Georgia (USA) that would prohibit the use of AI in the housing practices if (1) the generation of decisions to sell, rent,...
Мониторинг No. 3 (15), March 2025 -
Налоги и финтех 1 марта 2025 EN
VAT on digital services in the EU
In March 2025, amendments to EU3 Regulation No. 282/2011 were adopted. The EU VAT in the Digital Age (ViDA) initiative extends the concept of deemed supplier introduced in...
Мониторинг No. 3 (15), March 2025 -
Платформы и конкуренция 1 февраля 2025 EN
Anti-competitive practices online
In February 2025, the investigation into Google and Apple's abuses in the mobile browsing and cloud gaming market continued. The Competition and Markets Authority (CMA)...
Мониторинг No. 2 (14), February 2025 -
Искусственный интеллект 1 февраля 2025 EN
Protection of intellectual property rights in AI training
In 2025, the search for optimal regulation of intellectual property rights (hereinafter - IPR) in AI training continues, ensuring a balance between the protection of rights...
Мониторинг No. 2 (14), February 2025 -
Данные и приватность 1 февраля 2025 EN
Restricting the sale of personal data
In February 2025, the state of Vermont introduced a bill relating to consumer data17 privacy and online surveillance. Since the US is now the only jurisdiction where the sale...
Мониторинг No. 2 (14), February 2025 -
Налоги и финтех 1 февраля 2025 EN
Obligating platforms to pay tips
In February 2025, US delivery services Amazon and DoorDash must pay fines for failing to tip their delivery drivers.
Мониторинг No. 2 (14), February 2025 -
Искусственный интеллект 1 февраля 2025 EN
Restricting DeepSeek operations
In February 2025, regulators in Europe,3 the US, and Australia imposed restrictions on the use of chatbot DeepSeek, as it is unclear how the company stores and processes user...
Мониторинг No. 2 (14), February 2025 -
Инфраструктура и связь 1 января 2025 EN
Development of regulation of quantum technologies The OECD experience
In January 2025, the OECD released a26 Quantum Technologies Policy Primer. Quantum technologies - technologies that use quantum effects (the unique behavior of very small...
Мониторинг No. 1 (13), January 2025 -
Налоги и финтех 1 января 2025 EN
Taxation of multinational companies
To combat tax dilution by multinational companies (hereinafter - MNCs), the OECD has formed the Global Tax Deal, which consists of two components. The first pillar (Pillar 1)...
Мониторинг No. 1 (13), January 2025 -
Искусственный интеллект 1 января 2025 EN
Protection of personal data in the insurance industry
In January 2025, the insurance company Allstate is sued for illegally obtaining customer data, and the state of Texas proposed to prohibit the use of AI to make health...
Мониторинг No. 1 (13), January 2025 -
Данные и приватность 1 января 2025 EN
Data reuse in healthcare
The Regulation on the European Health Data Space (EHDS) was adopted in January4 2025. There are 2 categories of health data:
Мониторинг No. 1 (13), January 2025 -
Платформы и конкуренция 1 декабря 2024 EN
Protection of consumers online
The number of consumers purchasing goods and services online including digital ones increased from 2.14 billion to 2.71 billion over 2021-2024. Around 20.1% of retail sales...
Мониторинг No. 12, December 2024 -
Налоги и финтех 1 декабря 2024 EN
Anti-competitive practices online
In December 2024, China's State Administration of Market Regulation (SAMR) opened an investigation against U.S. GPU maker Nvidia for violating the acquisition terms12 of...
Мониторинг No. 12, December 2024 -
Искусственный интеллект 1 декабря 2024 EN
Strengthening of AI regulation
December 2024 saw developments indicating increased regulation of AI in different countries: both those with specific laws for AI (Spain) and those operating under general...
Мониторинг No. 12, December 2024 -
Платформы и конкуренция 1 ноября 2024 EN
Banning social media for children
Australia has passed a law restricting the use of social media by children under 16. Platforms must incorporate age verification into their systems when creating accounts,...
Мониторинг No. 11, November 2024 -
Данные и приватность 1 ноября 2024 EN
Liberalization of cross-border data flows
The World Bank estimates that the digital economy accounts for 15% of global GDP, outpacing the traditional economy in annual growth by a factor of 2.5 over the past 10 years....
Мониторинг No. 11, November 2024 -
Платформы и конкуренция 1 ноября 2024 EN
Balancing private and public interests in content moderation
In November 2024, the EU and South Korea strengthened online content moderation requirements. X Corp. challenged the constitutionality and legal validity of California (USA)...
Мониторинг No. 11, November 2024 -
Платформы и конкуренция 1 ноября 2024 EN
Violation of consumer rights on the internet
In November 2024, a lawsuit was filed in the United States against the Sitejabber platform, which, using artificial intelligence, collects reviews and creates ratings of...
Мониторинг No. 11, November 2024 -
Налоги и финтех 1 ноября 2024 EN
Establishing the legal status of cryptoassets as securities
In November 2024, a dispute over the nature of digital assets, particularly cryptocurrencies, intensified in the US – are they securities? Eighteen states have filed a lawsuit...
Мониторинг No. 11, November 2024 -
Платформы и конкуренция 1 октября 2024 EN
Anti-competitive practices online
In October 2024, separate rulings were handed down in the US in connection with Google's abuse of its dominant position in the search advertising and operating system markets....
Мониторинг No. 10, October 2024 -
Налоги и финтех 1 октября 2024 EN
Minimum tax for cross-border companies
Singapore has enacted the Multinational Enterprise Minimum Tax (MNE) Bill, which enshrines an income tax rate of 15% as the minimum applicable to all MNCs.
Мониторинг No. 10, October 2024 -
Платформы и конкуренция 1 октября 2024 EN
The mental health of children in platform economy
One of the most important trends in the regulation of platforms is the protection of children on the Internet. This trend has already been addressed in Monitoring No. 4
Мониторинг No. 10, October 2024 -
Данные и приватность 1 октября 2024 EN
Tightening of personal data circulation
In October 2024, several countries and regions adopted or were considering regulations extending and/or clarifying the processing of personal data, including in the financial sector.
Мониторинг No. 10, October 2024 -
Данные и приватность 1 сентября 2024 EN
Handling of personal data by technology
Personal data is a significant resource for the development of the digital economy, but it also belongs to individuals who have a right to privacy. In September 2024,...
Мониторинг No. 9, September 2024 -
Платформы и конкуренция 1 сентября 2024 EN
Combating anti-competitive practices online
In Monitoring No. 3 we examined the norms of regulation in individual countries of various practices of abuse by platform dominance. Let us now consider the application of...
Мониторинг No. 9, September 2024 -
Инфраструктура и связь 1 августа 2024 EN
Post-quantum cryptography for cybersecurity
In Monitoring No. 2 we have already examined the trend towards standardization in the field of quantum technologies in some countries (USA, UK) with a focus on the security...
Мониторинг No. 8, August 2024 -
Цифровая безопасность 1 августа 2024 EN
Regulation of data brokers activity
Special regulation for data brokers has emerged since the mid-2010s. In the digital economy, data brokers (intermediaries between sellers and buyers of data) help to reduce...
Мониторинг No. 8, August 2024 -
Платформы и конкуренция 1 августа 2024 EN
EU vs large platforms
August 2024 summarized the results of EU investigations into TikTok and Meta for violating the requirements of the Digital Services5 Act (hereinafter DSA), which came into...
Мониторинг No. 8, August 2024 -
Искусственный интеллект 1 июля 2024 EN
AI use in the courts
In Monitoring No.5 we have already considered the use of AI in law enforcement activity. Meanwhile, a new trend is taking shape, that is, limiting the use of AI in litigation....
Мониторинг No. 7, July 2024 -
Данные и приватность 1 июля 2024 EN
Deceptive data practices The U.S. experience
In July 2024, amendments to data laws23 became effective in 3 US states: Texas, , Florida and Colorado. . These states have adopted the concept of “dark patterns”, the...
Мониторинг No. 7, July 2024 -
Данные и приватность 1 июля 2024 EN
Transfer of personal data from the EU to the US
Personal data (hereinafter referred to as PD) are transferred from the EU to companies in the US, including to support international trade (e.g. airline services) and labor...
Мониторинг No. 7, July 2024 -
Данные и приватность 1 июня 2024 EN
Protection of personal data in a blockchain
Blockchain technology is a blockchain with databases including personal data. In June 2024, the European Blockchain Sandbox released a report on the application of European...
Мониторинг No. 6, June 2024 -
Налоги и финтех 1 июня 2024 EN
Combating anti-competitive behavior of smartphone software providers
In June 2024, Japan adopted law limiting abuses coming from market dominance of15 software used in smartphones. The law effectively targets Apple (46.6% of the market) and...
Мониторинг No. 6, June 2024 -
Искусственный интеллект 1 июня 2024 EN
AI in healthcare services
In June, California (USA) considered a1 bill on utilization of AI in patient communication. Earlier in the US (2023-2024), initiates to regulate the utilization of AI in...
Мониторинг No. 6, June 2024 -
Искусственный интеллект 1 мая 2024 EN
Protecting intellectual property rights in generative AI training
Generative AI allows new content (text, computer code, images, audio and video) to be created in response to a user's request. The training of such AI often takes place on open...
Мониторинг No. 5, May 2024 -
Искусственный интеллект 1 мая 2024 EN
Avoiding risks in the AI use in law enforcement activities
In law enforcement, AI has been used in the EU since at least the mid-2010s, including for surveillance in public places during certain1 events (e.g., the G20 summit in...
Мониторинг No. 5, May 2024 -
Цифровая безопасность 1 апреля 2024 EN
Special measures to protect children in digital environment
In April 2024, UK published priorities for 2024-2025 on protection of children personal4 data in the digital environment , and the US has a draft of Children’s Online Privacy...
Мониторинг No. 4, April 2024 -
Искусственный интеллект 1 апреля 2024 EN
Restricting movement of unmanned vehicles on public roads
In April 2024, a bill was proposed in California to restrict movement of vehicles weighing more than 4.5 tons without drivers on public roads (vans and heavier trucks). This...
Мониторинг No. 4, April 2024 -
Искусственный интеллект 1 марта 2024 EN
Laws for AI
In March 2024, the OECD released a Clarifying Memorandum on an updated11 definition of an AI system.12
Мониторинг No. 3, March 2024 -
Цифровая безопасность 1 марта 2024 EN
Cybersecurity: New level of cooperation
On March 5, 2024, an agreement was reached between the European Parliament and the European Council on a draft Cybersecurity7 Solidarity Act :
Мониторинг No. 3, March 2024 -
Платформы и конкуренция 1 марта 2024 EN
Combating platforms’ anti- competitive practices
In March 2024, the European Commission opened its first investigation into3 Google and Apple's non-compliance under the Digital Marketplace Act. Apple is accused of restricting...
Мониторинг No. 3, March 2024 -
Инфраструктура и связь 1 февраля 2024 EN
Development of the quantum technologies regulation
Back in early 2022, WEF highlighted the11 risks of employing quantum computing:
Мониторинг No. 2, February 2024 -
Искусственный интеллект 1 февраля 2024 EN
Protecting workers' rights while using AI
In the US, there have been a number of lawsuits in the last few years related to discrimination against employees due to the use of AI solutions. For example, in 2022,...
Мониторинг No. 2, February 2024 -
Искусственный интеллект 1 февраля 2024 EN
Deepfakes regulation
Deepfakes are artificially representations of a person's image, speech, or behavior created3 by technology (AI or other) (OECD).
Мониторинг No. 2, February 2024 -
Налоги и финтех 1 января 2024 EN
International information exchange on crypto-assets
The beginning of the year is the traditional time for US residents to file their tax returns. However, in January 2024, the U.S. Internal Revenue Service 1 Now
Мониторинг No. 1, January 2024