{"check":null,"uid":"c11088c4ef442776","title":"Protect Working Musicians Act of 2026","title_generated":false,"country":"США","organ":"Конгресс США","kind":"law","kind_name":"Законодательство","lang":"en","date":"2026-07-18","summary":"Независимым правообладателям фонограмм — музыкантам, продюсерам, звукоинженерам — дадут право договариваться сообща с крупнейшими музыкальными онлайн-платформами и разработчиками генеративного искусственного интеллекта и сообща же отказывать им в лицензии, не рискуя ответственностью по антимонопольному законодательству. Порог для правообладателя: собственные права на запись и не более 1 млн долларов лицензионных доходов за прошлый год либо статус малого предприятия по коду NAICS 512250; для платформы — свыше 100 млн долларов годовой выручки от музыки. Иммунитет работает, пока переговоры не сводятся к цене, идут без дискриминации схожих правообладателей и без посторонних лиц; прочие антимонопольные нормы сохраняются.","snippet":"","topics":["Искусственный интеллект","Цифровые платформы и сервисы","Интеллектуальная собственность в цифровой среде","Конкуренция на цифровых рынках"],"status":"ok","error":"","text_len":8424,"versions":1,"url":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119-congress/hr/8994","first_seen":"2026-08-19","last_checked":"2026-09-17 01:58","relevance":"hit","score":26,"query":"","source_key":"congress_us","verdict":{"relevance":"hit","score":26,"topics":["Искусственный интеллект","Цифровые платформы и сервисы","Авторское право и цифровой контент"],"need_body":3,"authorities":[{"kind":"акт","name":"Digital Millennium Copyright Act","topic":"Авторское право и цифровой контент"}],"evidence":[{"topic":"Цифровые платформы и сервисы","term":"онлайн-платформ","weak":false,"pos":181,"ctx":"продюсерам, звукоинженерам — дадут право договариваться сообща с крупнейшими музыкальными онлайн-платформами и разработчиками генеративного искусственного интеллекта и сообща же отказывать им в лице","zone":"название","weight":3},{"topic":"Искусственный интеллект","term":"искусственн","weak":false,"pos":231,"ctx":"аться сообща с крупнейшими музыкальными онлайн-платформами и разработчиками генеративного искусственного интеллекта и сообща же отказывать им в лицензии, не рискуя ответственностью по антимонопо","zone":"название","weight":3},{"topic":"Искусственный интеллект","term":"artificial intelligence","weak":false,"pos":266,"ctx":"ic distribution platforms or companies engaged in development or deployment of generative artificial intelligence, including the right to collectively refuse to license their music to such platforms or c","zone":"текст","weight":1},{"topic":"Искусственный интеллект","term":"artificial intelligence","weak":false,"pos":828,"ctx":"rvices with annual revenues from music distribution of more than $100 million. generative artificial intelligence includes artificial intelligence systems that are capable of producing novel text, video,","zone":"текст","weight":1},{"topic":"Искусственный интеллект","term":"artificial intelligence","weak":false,"pos":861,"ctx":"music distribution of more than $100 million. generative artificial intelligence includes artificial intelligence systems that are capable of producing novel text, video, images, audio, and other media b","zone":"текст","weight":1},{"topic":"Искусственный интеллект","term":"artificial intelligence","weak":false,"pos":6387,"ctx":"under section 114(d)(2) of title 17 of the united states code. (3) the term ``generative artificial intelligence'' means an artificial intelligence system that is capable of generating novel text, video","zone":"текст","weight":1},{"topic":"Искусственный интеллект","term":"artificial intelligence","weak":false,"pos":6422,"ctx":"7 of the united states code. (3) the term ``generative artificial intelligence'' means an artificial intelligence system that is capable of generating novel text, video, images, audio, and other media ba","zone":"текст","weight":1},{"topic":"Искусственный интеллект","term":"artificial intelligence","weak":false,"pos":7471,"ctx":"sic distribution platform or a company engaged in development or deployment of generative artificial intelligence, or agreeing with other individual music creator owners to collectively refuse to license","zone":"текст","weight":1},{"topic":"Авторское право и цифровой контент","term":"copyright","weak":false,"pos":479,"ctx":"individual music creator owners include musicians, producers, and technicians who own the copyright to a recording and either (1) earned less than $1 million in associated revenues during t","zone":"текст","weight":1},{"topic":"Авторское право и цифровой контент","term":"copyright","weak":false,"pos":3172,"ctx":"ds of music anyway. (5) these platforms game the system created by the digital millennium copyright act, which allows dominant online platforms to ignore and profit from unlicensed use of m","zone":"текст","weight":1},{"topic":"Авторское право и цифровой контент","term":"copyright","weak":false,"pos":3902,"ctx":"labels is an exercise in futility for independent music creator owners--those who own the copyrights and market their work themselves. independent music creator owners lack the economic, leg","zone":"текст","weight":1},{"topic":"Авторское право и цифровой контент","term":"copyright","weak":false,"pos":6743,"ctx":"musician or group of musician, producers, mixers, and sound engineers that-- (a) owns the copyrights to one or more sound recordings created by the musician or group of musicians, producers,","zone":"текст","weight":1},{"topic":"Авторское право и цифровой контент","term":"copyright","weak":false,"pos":6961,"ctx":") either: (i) has earned less than $1,000,000 in licensing revenues associated with these copyrights in the prior year; or (ii) qualifies as a small business under the office of management a","zone":"текст","weight":1},{"topic":"Цифровые платформы и сервисы","term":"online platform","weak":false,"pos":1283,"ctx":"8994  to empower independent music creator owners to collectively negotiate with dominant online platforms regarding the terms on which their music may be distributed.  ___________________________","zone":"текст","weight":1},{"topic":"Цифровые платформы и сервисы","term":"online platform","weak":false,"pos":1783,"ctx":"bill  to empower independent music creator owners to collectively negotiate with dominant online platforms regarding the terms on which their music may be distributed.  be it enacted by the senate","zone":"текст","weight":1},{"topic":"Цифровые платформы и сервисы","term":"online platform","weak":false,"pos":3037,"ctx":"dictate a price to music creators. if music creators do not agree to licensing terms, the online platforms profit from unlicensed uploads of music anyway. (5) these platforms game the system creat","zone":"текст","weight":1},{"topic":"Цифровые платформы и сервисы","term":"online platform","weak":false,"pos":3209,"ctx":"ms game the system created by the digital millennium copyright act, which allows dominant online platforms to ignore and profit from unlicensed use of music and places the responsibility for findi","zone":"текст","weight":1},{"topic":"Цифровые платформы и сервисы","term":"online platform","weak":false,"pos":4285,"ctx":"ce means that independent music creator owners are forced to take whatever terms dominant online platforms offer for their work. if they decline, the platforms simply ignore them since in most cas","zone":"текст","weight":1},{"topic":"Авторское право и цифровой контент","term":"Digital Millennium Copyright Act","weak":false,"pos":3917,"ctx":"om unlicensed uploads of music anyway. (5) These platforms game the system created by the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, which allows dominant online platforms to ignore and profit from unlicensed use of music","zone":"акт","weight":3}],"dropped":[]},"last_changed":"2026-08-19","meta":{"congress":"119","billType":"HR","number":"8994","policyArea":"Commerce","subjects":[],"latestAction":"2026-06-10 Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary."},"source_url":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119-congress/hr/8994","text":"SUMMARY\nProtect Working Musicians Act of 202 6\nThis bill allows certain individual music creator owners to collectively negotiate music licensing terms with dominant online music distribution platforms or companies engaged in development or deployment of generative artificial intelligence, including the right to collectively refuse to license their music to such platforms or companies.\nIndividual music creator owners include musicians, producers, and technicians who own the copyright to a recording and either (1) earned less than $1 million in associated revenues during the prior year, or (2) qualify as a record production and distribution small business.\nDominant online music distribution platforms include interactive online services with annual revenues from music distribution of more than $100 million. Generative artificial intelligence includes artificial intelligence systems that are capable of producing novel text, video, images, audio, and other media based on prompts or other forms of inputted data.\n\nFULL TEXT\n[Congressional Bills 119th Congress]\n[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]\n[H.R. 8994 Introduced in House (IH)]\n\n<DOC>\n\n119th CONGRESS\n2d Session\nH. R. 8994\n\nTo empower independent music creator owners to collectively negotiate\nwith dominant online platforms regarding the terms on which their music\nmay be distributed.\n\n_______________________________________________________________________\n\nIN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES\n\nMay 21, 2026\n\nMs. Ross (for herself, Mr. Cohen, and Mr. Doggett) introduced the\nfollowing bill; which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary\n\n_______________________________________________________________________\n\nA BILL\n\nTo empower independent music creator owners to collectively negotiate\nwith dominant online platforms regarding the terms on which their music\nmay be distributed.\n\nBe it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the\nUnited States of America in Congress assembled,\n\nSECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.\n\nThis Act may be cited as the ``Protect Working Musicians Act of\n2026''.\n\nSEC. 2. FINDINGS.\n\nCongress finds the following:\n(1) Music is a cultural treasure and a unique source of\nspiritual inspiration, emotional comfort, community connection,\nand joy. It is also a powerful economic driver that directly\nand indirectly supports nearly 2 million American jobs and\nalmost $150 billion in annual economic activity.\n(2) A healthy music ecosystem is a fundamental bedrock for\na healthy society.\n(3) Fair and competitive markets for the use and licensing\nof recorded music are integral to a healthy music ecosystem.\n(4) As music distribution has moved online, the market for\nuse and licensing has become distorted and imbalanced. The\nlargest Dominant Online Music Distribution Platforms use their\nmarket power to distort legal requirements and force music\ncreators into licensing agreements that do not reflect market\nvalue. Those agreements essentially dictate a price to music\ncreators. If music creators do not agree to licensing terms,\nthe online platforms profit from unlicensed uploads of music\nanyway.\n(5) These platforms game the system created by the Digital\nMillennium Copyright Act, which allows dominant online\nplatforms to ignore and profit from unlicensed use of music and\nplaces the responsibility for finding each and every instance\nof unlicensed use of music on music creators. This ``notice and\ntakedown'' scheme has been described as a gigabit-speed game of\nwhack-a-mole.\n(6) The trade association for the major record labels\nspends millions of dollars engaged in this effort which it says\nhas grown to be ``largely useless.'' The trade association for\nthe independent record labels agrees, calling it a\n``dysfunctional relic''.\n(7) An effort that is largely useless for major and\nindependent record labels is an exercise in futility for\nIndependent Music Creator Owners--those who own the copyrights\nand market their work themselves. Independent Music Creator\nOwners lack the economic, legal, and political resources to\nstand up to the Dominant Online Music Distribution Platforms\nand have no way to meaningfully negotiate fair licensing rates\nfor their work.\n(8) That power imbalance means that Independent Music\nCreator Owners are forced to take whatever terms dominant\nonline platforms offer for their work. If they decline, the\nplatforms simply ignore them since in most cases lacking access\nto any single artists' work does not present a threat to the\nplatforms' overall attractiveness to consumers.\n(9) This imbalance has decimated careers in music at an\nuntold cost to our society and culture. Multi Grammy-award\nwinning musician Rosanne Cash recently lamented: ``I see young\nmusicians give up their missions and dreams all the time\nbecause they can't make a living.''\n(10) The antitrust laws were intended to and do provide\nimportant economic and civic benefits.\n(11) A central purpose of these laws is to promote,\nprotect, and strengthen fair and open markets, including those\nfor music.\n(12) While antitrust exemptions are generally disfavored,\nshould the application of the antitrust laws ever be applied in\na manner that conflicts with their purpose--such as protecting\nthe online marketplace for creative works--it is the duty and\nprerogative of the Congress to resolve the conflict.\n\nSEC. 3. SAFE HARBOR FOR CERTAIN COLLECTIVE NEGOTIATIONS.\n\n(a) Definitions.--For purposes of this section:\n(1) The term ``antitrust laws'' has the meaning given such\nterm in subsection (a) of the first section of the Clayton Act\n(15 U.S.C. 12), and includes--\n(A) section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act\n(15 U.S.C. 45) to the extent that such section applies\nto unfair methods of competition; and\n(B) any State law, rule, or regulation that\nprohibits or penalizes the conduct described in, or is\notherwise inconsistent with, subsection (b) of this\nsection.\n(2) The term ``Dominant Online Music Distribution\nPlatform'' means any entity that--\n(A) operates an app, website or other online\nservice that is used by members of the public to listen\nto sound recordings, whether via a digital audio\ntransmission, an audio-visual presentation, or any\nother means;\n(B) has annual revenues related to the distribution\nof music of more than $100 million; and\n(C) is not eligible for a license under section\n114(d)(2) of title 17 of the United States Code.\n(3) The term ``generative artificial intelligence'' means\nan artificial intelligence system that is capable of generating\nnovel text, video, images, audio, and other media based on\nprompts or other forms of data provided by a person.\n(4) The term ``Individual Music Creator Owner'' means any\nmusician or group of musician, producers, mixers, and sound\nengineers that--\n(A) owns the copyrights to one or more sound\nrecordings created by the musician or group of\nmusicians, producers, and sound engineers; and\n(B) either:\n(i) has earned less than $1,000,000 in\nlicensing revenues associated with these\ncopyrights in the prior year; or\n(ii) qualifies as a small business under\nthe Office of Management and Budget North\nAmerican Industry Classification System (NAICS)\ncode 512250.\n(b) Limitation of Liability.--An Individual Music Creator Owner\nshall not be held liable under the antitrust laws for agreeing with\nother Individual Music Creator Owners to collectively negotiate music\nlicensing terms with a Dominant Online Music Distribution Platform or a\ncompany engaged in development or deployment of generative artificial\nintelligence, or agreeing with other Individual Music Creator Owners to\ncollectively refuse to license their music to a Dominant Online Music\nDistribution Platform or a company engaged in development or deployment\nof generative artificial intelligence, if--\n(1) the negotiations are not limited to price, are\nnondiscriminatory as to similarly situated independent creator/\nowners;\n(2) the coordination among Independent Music Creator Owners\nis directly related to and reasonably necessary for\nnegotiations with a Dominant Online Music Distribution Platform\nthat are otherwise consistent with the operation of the\nAntitrust laws; and\n(3) the negotiations do not involve any person that is not\nan Independent Music Creator Owner or a Dominant Online Music\nDistribution Platform.\n(c) Rule of Construction.--Except as provided in this Act, this Act\nshall not be construed to modify, impair, or supersede the operation of\nthe antitrust laws.\n<all>","changes":[],"passport":{"data":{"act":{"jurisdiction":"США","title_official":"Protect Working Musicians Act of 2026","title_short":"Законопроект 9253 о защите профессиональных музыкантов 2026 года","level":"законопроект","date_adopted":"","date_in_force":"","date_version":"06/10/2026","phased":"","status":"законопроект: на рассмотрении","sunset":"","regulator":"Конгресс США","related":""},"goal":{"problem":"Регулирование коллективных переговоров независимых правообладателей музыкальных записей с крупными онлайн-платформами и компаниями, использующими генеративный искусственный интеллект, включая предоставление антимонопольного иммунитета для такой координации.","goal":"Предоставить независимым правообладателям музыкальных записей право на коллективные переговоры об условиях лицензирования с доминирующими онлайн-платформами и разработчиками генеративного ИИ.","targets":"","scope":"Независимые правообладатели звукозаписей с лицензионным доходом менее 1 млн долл. США в год либо статусом малого предприятия, а также крупные онлайн-платформы с годовой выручкой от распространения музыки свыше 100 млн долл. США.","exclusions":""},"subjects_note":{"protected":"1) Независимые создатели музыки — правообладатели\n2) Доминирующая онлайн-платформа распространения музыки\n3) Компания, осуществляющая разработку или внедрение генеративного искусственного интеллекта"},"subjects":[{"role":"поставщик","who":"Индивидуальный владелец музыкального произведения (Individual Music Creator Owner)","criteria":"Лицо должно владеть авторскими правами на одну или несколько созданных им звукозаписей и соответствовать одному из двух критериев: лицензионный доход менее 1 млн долл. США за предыдущий год либо статус малого предприятия по NAICS 512250.","count":""},{"role":"","who":"Доминирующая онлайн-платформа распространения музыки (Dominant Online Music Distribution Platform)","criteria":"Приложение, веб-сайт или иной онлайн-сервис для прослушивания звукозаписей с годовой выручкой от распространения музыки свыше 100 млн долл. США.","count":""},{"role":"посредник","who":"Компания, осуществляющая разработку или внедрение генеративного искусственного интеллекта","criteria":"Осуществляет разработку или внедрение генеративного искусственного интеллекта","count":""}],"norms":[{"address":"SEC. 3(b)","addressee":"поставщик","essence":"Устанавливается специальное исключение из антимонопольной ответственности (иммунитет) для независимых правообладателей звукозаписей. Они могут совместно согласовывать позицию, вести коллективные переговоры об условиях лицензирования и коллективно отказываться от предоставления лицензий доминирующим музыкальным онлайн-платформам и компаниям, разрабатывающим или внедряющим генеративный ИИ. Такой иммунитет действует при условии, что переговоры не сводятся только к цене, не дискриминируют сопоставимых правообладателей.","type":"право","mechanism":"распределение риска","cost_channel":"нет прямых издержек","cost_kind":"","trigger":"постоянно","sanction":"","refs":"Антимонопольные законы США","form":"не установлена","in_force":"","ru_analog":"В России прямого аналога нет. Близкий механизм предусмотрен ст. 1242–1244 ГК РФ: правообладатели могут коллективно управлять правами через специализированные организации, причем на деятельность аккредитованных организаций антимонопольные ограничения не распространяются. Кроме того, ст. 11 Закона № 135-ФЗ «О защите конкуренции» исключает из запрета на антиконкурентные соглашения договоры о предоставлении или отчуждении прав на результаты интеллектуальной деятельности. Однако специального исключения для коллективных переговоров независимых музыкантов с крупными платформами и компаниями генеративного ИИ, а также для коллективного отказа от лицензирования российское законодательство не предусматривает."}]},"made_by":"GigaChat-2-Max","made_at":"2026-09-10 12:53:16","edited_at":"2026-09-14 06:52:18","edited_by":"Мария Гирич"}}