{"check":null,"uid":"5d4f4a2a3a0be80f","title":"Right to Override Act","title_generated":false,"country":"США","organ":"Конгресс США","kind":"law","kind_name":"Законодательство","lang":"en","date":"2026-07-08","summary":"Медицинскому работнику гарантируют право отклонить вывод системы поддержки клинических решений на основе искусственного интеллекта — технологии, которая по алгоритмам, клиническим рекомендациям или обучающим данным выдаёт прогнозы, рекомендации и оценки. Клиники, страховые планы и государственные учреждения, применяющие такие системы, обязаны принять правила, допускающие самостоятельное суждение врача, обучить персонал и создать совещательный комитет; исполнение контролирует Министерство здравоохранения и социальных служб, за нарушение — гражданские штрафы. Увольнять, дискриминировать или иначе преследовать за отмену рекомендации запрещено; здесь надзирает Министерство труда, а работник вправе подать жалобу или иск. Иск против работодателя может предъявить и штат.","snippet":"","topics":["Искусственный интеллект"],"status":"ok","error":"","text_len":28864,"versions":2,"url":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119-congress/s/2997","first_seen":"2026-08-19","last_checked":"2026-09-18 02:09","relevance":"hit","score":10,"query":"","source_key":"congress_us","verdict":{"relevance":"hit","score":10,"topics":["Искусственный интеллект"],"need_body":3,"authorities":[],"evidence":[{"topic":"Искусственный интеллект","term":"искусственн","weak":false,"pos":127,"ctx":"ботнику гарантируют право отклонить вывод системы поддержки клинических решений на основе искусственного интеллекта — технологии, которая по алгоритмам, клиническим рекомендациям или обучающим д","zone":"название","weight":3},{"topic":"Искусственный интеллект","term":"алгоритм","weak":true,"pos":178,"ctx":"оддержки клинических решений на основе искусственного интеллекта — технологии, которая по алгоритмам, клиническим рекомендациям или обучающим данным выдаёт прогнозы, рекомендации и оценки. к","zone":"название","weight":1},{"topic":"Искусственный интеллект","term":"artificial intelligence","weak":false,"pos":128,"ctx":"l requires employers of health care professionals to allow such professionals to override artificial intelligence clinical decision support systems. it also prohibits employers from retaliating against t","zone":"текст","weight":1},{"topic":"Искусственный интеллект","term":"artificial intelligence","weak":false,"pos":291,"ctx":"its employers from retaliating against those who override these systems. the bill defines artificial intelligence clinical decision support systems as technology that supports decision-making through the","zone":"текст","weight":1},{"topic":"Искусственный интеллект","term":"artificial intelligence","weak":false,"pos":5295,"ctx":"on when compared to the position of the professional prior to the action or inaction. (2) artificial intelligence clinical decision support system; ai/cdss.--the term ``artificial intelligence clinical d","zone":"текст","weight":1},{"topic":"Искусственный интеллект","term":"artificial intelligence","weak":false,"pos":5374,"ctx":"ction. (2) artificial intelligence clinical decision support system; ai/cdss.--the term ``artificial intelligence clinical decision support system'' or ``ai/cdss'' means technology that-- (a) supports de","zone":"текст","weight":1},{"topic":"Искусственный интеллект","term":"artificial intelligence","weak":false,"pos":14361,"ctx":"ry of labor; and (2) may consult with-- (a) other federal agencies that have expertise in artificial intelligence or health care; and (b) other federal agencies that have jurisdiction over labor and empl","zone":"текст","weight":1},{"topic":"Искусственный интеллект","term":"artificial intelligence","weak":false,"pos":24981,"ctx":"an services; and (2) may consult with-- (a) other federal agencies that have expertise in artificial intelligence or health care; and (b) other federal agencies that have jurisdiction over labor and empl","zone":"текст","weight":1}],"dropped":[{"topic":"Персональные данные","term":"privacy","weak":true,"pos":25879,"ctx":"e enforcement.  (a) in general.--in any case in which a state attorney general or a state privacy regulator has reason to believe that an interest of the residents of a state has been or","why":"только многозначные термины"},{"topic":"Персональные данные","term":"privacy","weak":true,"pos":26097,"ctx":"vered entity that violates any provision of this act, the state attorney general or state privacy regulator, as parens patriae, may bring a civil action on behalf of the residents of the","why":"только многозначные термины"},{"topic":"Персональные данные","term":"privacy","weak":true,"pos":26718,"ctx":"efore initiating a civil action under subsection (a), the state attorney general or state privacy regulator, as the case may be, shall notify the secretary in writing of such civil action","why":"только многозначные термины"},{"topic":"Персональные данные","term":"privacy","weak":true,"pos":27224,"ctx":"on behalf of the secretary for a violation of this act, a state attorney general or state privacy regulator may not, during the pendency of such action, institute a civil action against a","why":"только многозначные термины"},{"topic":"Персональные данные","term":"privacy","weak":true,"pos":27576,"ctx":"the secretary that affects the interests of a state, the state attorney general or state privacy regulator may intervene as of right pursuant to the federal rules of civil procedure. (d)","why":"только многозначные термины"},{"topic":"Персональные данные","term":"privacy","weak":true,"pos":27874,"ctx":"ed as altering, limiting, or affecting the authority of a state attorney general or state privacy regulator to-- (1) bring an action or other regulatory proceeding arising solely under th","why":"только многозначные термины"},{"topic":"Персональные данные","term":"privacy","weak":true,"pos":28079,"ctx":"n that state; or (2) exercise the powers conferred on the state attorney general or state privacy regulator by the laws of the state, including the ability to conduct investigations, admi","why":"только многозначные термины"}]},"last_changed":"2026-09-11","meta":{"congress":"119","billType":"S","number":"2997","policyArea":"Health","subjects":[],"latestAction":"2025-10-09 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions.","textVersion":"is"},"source_url":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119-congress/s/2997","text":"SUMMARY\nRight to Override Act\nThis bill requires employers of health care professionals to allow such professionals to override artificial intelligence clinical decision support systems. It also prohibits employers from retaliating against those who override these systems.\nThe bill defines artificial intelligence clinical decision support systems as technology that supports decision-making through the use of algorithms or models that are based on clinical practice guidelines or training data and that produces predictions, recommendations, evaluations, or analysis .\nHealth care facilities, health plans, and other entities (including government entities) that employ health care professionals and use these systems must adopt policies that allow health care professionals to use their independent judgment to override outputs from these systems. Such entities must also provide training and establish a committee to advise the entity on these systems. The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) must enforce these requirements, including by imposing civil penalties for violations.\nAlso, the bill prohibits these employers from taking adverse employment actions, discriminating, or retaliating against those who override these systems in accordance with employer policies. The Department of Labor must enforce these protections, which may include civil penalties specified in the bill. Individuals alleging violations of these protections may (1) submit an administrative complaint to Labor, or (2) commence a civil action. State programs receiving federal funds do not have immunity regarding such civil actions brought by employees.\nStates may also bring civil actions against employers for violating the bill’s requirements upon notice to HHS or Labor, as appropriate.\n\nFULL TEXT\n[Congressional Bills 119th Congress]\n[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]\n[S. 2997 Introduced in Senate (IS)]\n\n<DOC>\n\n119th CONGRESS\n1st Session\nS. 2997\n\nTo protect the independent judgment of health care professionals acting\nin the scope of their practice in overriding AI/CDSS outputs, and for\nother purposes.\n\n_______________________________________________________________________\n\nIN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES\n\nOctober 9, 2025\n\nMr. Markey (for himself and Mr. Blumenthal) introduced the following\nbill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Health,\nEducation, Labor, and Pensions\n\n_______________________________________________________________________\n\nA BILL\n\nTo protect the independent judgment of health care professionals acting\nin the scope of their practice in overriding AI/CDSS outputs, and for\nother purposes.\n\nBe it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the\nUnited States of America in Congress assembled,\n\nSECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.\n\nThis Act may be cited as the ``Right to Override Act''.\n\nSEC. 2. TABLE OF CONTENTS.\n\nThe table of contents for this Act is as follows:\n\nSec. 1. Short title.\nSec. 2. Table of contents.\nSec. 3. Definitions.\nTITLE I--POLICIES FOR USING AND OVERRIDING AI/CDSS\n\nSec. 101. Policies with respect to using and overriding AI/CDSS.\nSec. 102. Enforcement.\nSec. 103. Regulations.\nTITLE II--ADVERSE EMPLOYMENT ACTIONS; WHISTLEBLOWER PROTECTIONS\n\nSec. 201. Prohibition on adverse employment actions.\nSec. 202. Whistleblower protections.\nSec. 203. Enforcement.\nSec. 204. Regulations.\nTITLE III--GENERAL PROVISIONS\n\nSec. 301. Educational materials for covered entities and health care\nprofessionals.\nSec. 302. State enforcement.\nSec. 303. Rule of construction.\nSec. 304. Non-preemption.\n\nSEC. 3. DEFINITIONS.\n\nIn this Act:\n(1) Adverse employment action.--The term ``adverse\nemployment action'', with respect to a health care\nprofessional, includes--\n(A) the termination, suspension, or demotion of the\nhealth care professional from a job;\n(B) any disciplinary action or retaliatory\ninvestigation against the health care professional;\n(C) the imposition of a work schedule that is more\nburdensome to the health care professional;\n(D) the failure of the health care professional to\nreceive, or any adverse adjustment in the ability of\nthe health care professional to receive, a promotion;\n(E) the denial of the health care professional in\nreceiving or being eligible to receive--\n(i) compensation, including the denial of\nan increase in compensation; or\n(ii) any other job-related benefit or\nopportunity, including for telework, training,\nor travel;\n(F) revocation of admitting privileges;\n(G) a reassignment of a duty or the assignment of a\nduty inappropriate for the job, skill set, or\nexperience of the health care professional;\n(H) a change in the ability to practice at a\nlocation for which the health care professional would\notherwise be able;\n(I) an adverse evaluation or performance review;\n(J) any other modification to the terms,\nconditions, or privileges of employment or work of the\nhealth care professional that, from the perspective of\na reasonable person, puts the health care professional\nin a materially adverse position when compared to the\nposition of the professional prior to the modification;\nand\n(K) any other action or inaction that results in\nthe health care professional being in a materially\nadverse position when compared to the position of the\nprofessional prior to the action or inaction.\n(2) Artificial intelligence clinical decision support\nsystem; ai/cdss.--The term ``artificial intelligence clinical\ndecision support system'' or ``AI/CDSS'' means technology\nthat--\n(A) supports decision-making based on algorithms,\nor models, based in clinical practice guidelines or\nthat derive relationships from training data, including\nsuch algorithms or models that are developed using\nunsupervised learning models; and\n(B) produces an output that results in a\nprediction, classification, recommendation, evaluation,\nor analysis.\n(3) AI/CDSS output.--The term ``AI/CDSS output'' means any\nrecommendation, decision, or other output of AI/CDSS.\n(4) Commerce; industry or activity affecting commerce.--The\nterms ``commerce'' and ``industry or activity affecting\ncommerce'' have the meanings given such terms in section 101 of\nthe Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 (29 U.S.C. 2611).\n(5) Covered entity.--The term ``covered entity''--\n(A) means any individual or entity that--\n(i) employs, or otherwise engages in the\nperformance of work for remuneration, a health\ncare professional; and\n(ii) is engaged in commerce (including\ngovernment), or an industry or activity\naffecting commerce (including government); and\n(B) includes such an individual or entity that is--\n(i) a health care facility in any setting,\nsuch as a nurse's office in a school setting;\nor\n(ii) a health plan or an administrator of a\nhealth plan.\n(6) Engaged in the performance of work for remuneration.--\nThe term ``engaged in the performance of work for\nremuneration'', with respect to an individual performing work\nfor a covered entity, includes the individual having admitting\nprivileges for the covered entity without regard to whether\nsuch individual is employed by such entity.\n(7) Health care professional.--The term ``health care\nprofessional''--\n(A) means an individual--\n(i) licensed, registered, or certified\nunder Federal or State laws or regulations to\nprovide health care services; or\n(ii) required to be so licensed,\nregistered, or certified but that is exempted\nby other statute or regulation; and\n(B) includes--\n(i) an individual described in subparagraph\n(A) without regard to whether the individual\nworks at a health care facility, including a\nhome health aide or a home care provider; and\n(ii) an individual who is employed by, or\notherwise engaged in the performance of work\nfor remuneration for, a health plan to make\nprior authorization determinations or other\ndeterminations regarding coverage under a\nhealth plan.\n(8) Health care services.--The term ``health care\nservices'' means any services that relate to--\n(A) the diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of any\nhuman disease or impairment;\n(B) the assessment or care of the health of human\nbeings; or\n(C) making prior authorization determinations or\nother determinations regarding coverage under a health\nplan.\n(9) Health plan.--The term ``health plan'' has the meaning\ngiven the term in section 3000 of the Public Health Service Act\n(42 U.S.C. 300jj).\n(10) Override.--The term ``override'', with respect to an\nAI/CDSS output, means making a decision contrary to such\noutput.\n(11) Override data.--The term ``override data''--\n(A) means any data related to adherence to or\ndeviation from AI/CDSS outputs; and\n(B) includes--\n(i) any such data that is metadata or audit\ndata; or\n(ii) any such data related to a particular\nhealth care professional or group of health\ncare professionals, or related to a particular\nAI/CDSS.\n(12) State.--The term ``State'' has the meaning given the\nterm in section 3000 of the Public Health Service Act.\n\nTITLE I--POLICIES FOR USING AND OVERRIDING AI/CDSS\n\nSEC. 101. POLICIES WITH RESPECT TO USING AND OVERRIDING AI/CDSS.\n\n(a) In General.--A covered entity that uses AI/CDSS shall--\n(1) adopt and adhere to a policy with respect to such\nusage--\n(A) that ensures that AI/CDSS outputs are not\nsubstituted for the independent judgment of a health\ncare professional employed by, or otherwise engaged in\nthe performance of work for remuneration for, the\ncovered entity while such health care professional is\nacting in the scope of practice of such health care\nprofessional;\n(B) that allows such a health care professional to\noverride an AI/CDSS output in a timely manner if, at\nthe time of the override, in the judgment of the health\ncare professional acting in the scope of practice of\nthe health care professional, such an override is\nappropriate for the patient, or as necessary to comply\nwith applicable law, including civil rights law;\n(C) that allows health care professionals and their\nrepresentatives to provide feedback on AI/CDSS,\nincluding incorrect or biased outputs that require\nfrequent override; and\n(D) that prohibits the sharing of override data\non--\n(i) a specific health care professional; or\n(ii) a group of health care professionals\nwhen the identity of those professionals can be\nreasonably inferred;\n(2) inform health care professionals employed by, or\notherwise engaged in the performance of work for remuneration\nfor, the covered entity, and the representatives of such health\ncare professionals, of the policy under paragraph (1),\nincluding the presence of AI/CDSS in the workplace and the\nability of such health care professionals to override an AI/\nCDSS output;\n(3) provide training to such health care professionals on--\n(A) how to use AI/CDSS;\n(B) the circumstances where an AI/CDSS override is\nappropriate;\n(C) how to override an AI/CDSS output;\n(D) AI/CDSS development processes and any data or\nother inputs involved in such processes; and\n(E) any potential limitations for AI/CDSS,\nincluding any potential areas of bias in the AI/CDSS;\n(4) establish and maintain an AI/CDSS committee that\nshall--\n(A) convene upon the date that is later of--\n(i) the date of the adoption of AI/CDSS at\nthe covered entity; or\n(ii) 120 days after the date of enactment\nof this Act;\n(B) be comprised of at least as many non-managers\nas managers;\n(C) include membership of any labor organization,\nor other authorized representative, of health care\nprofessionals employed by, or otherwise engaged in the\nperformance of work for remuneration for, the covered\nentity;\n(D) provide consultation to the covered entity in\ndeveloping policies and practices related to the use of\nAI/CDSS, including policy required under subparagraphs\n(A) through (D) of paragraph (1); and\n(E) meet at least quarterly to--\n(i) review implementation of policies\nadopted by the covered entity with respect to\nAI/CDSS; and\n(ii) report to the covered entity on\nfindings and suggestions for improvements; and\n(5) review--\n(A) all findings and suggestions from the AI/CDSS\ncommittee provided under paragraph (4)(E)(ii); and\n(B) any other feedback from health care\nprofessionals employed by, or otherwise engaged in the\nperformance of work for remuneration for, the covered\nentity on the AI/CDSS technology and the policies of\nthe entity with respect to such technology, including\nby reviewing any such feedback on patterns of issues\nwith the AI/CDSS, such as incorrect or biased outputs\nthat require frequent override.\n(b) Data Sharing Exception.--The prohibition under subsection\n(a)(1)(D) shall not apply--\n(1) in a case in which a covered entity is informing a\npatient or an authorized representative of a patient about a\ndecision rendered in the administration of the care of such\npatient; or\n(2) in a case of a civil, criminal, or administrative\naction involving medical malpractice, negligence, or violation\nof any law.\n(c) Oversight Mechanism.--Nothing in this Act shall prohibit a\ncovered entity from reviewing the performance outcomes of AI/CDSS.\n\nSEC. 102. ENFORCEMENT.\n\n(a) In General.--Except as provided in subsection (c), the\nSecretary of Health and Human Services, acting through the Office for\nCivil Rights (referred to in this title as the ``Secretary''), shall\nreceive, investigate, and attempt to resolve, including through\nimposing civil monetary penalties, complaints of violations of this\ntitle in the same manner as the Secretary receives, investigates, and\nattempts to resolve, including through imposing civil monetary\npenalties, complaints of violations of part C of title XI of the Social\nSecurity Act (42 U.S.C. 1320d et seq.).\n(b) Civil Monetary Penalties.--The provisions of section 1128A of\nthe Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1320a-7a) (other than subsections\n(a) and (b) and the second sentence of subsection (f)) shall apply to\nthe imposition of a civil monetary penalty under this section in the\nsame manner as such provisions apply to the imposition of a penalty\nunder such section 1128A.\n(c) Exception.--No complaint of a violation of this title shall be\nreferred to the Attorney General for investigation as a criminal\nviolation.\n\nSEC. 103. REGULATIONS.\n\n(a) In General.--The Secretary may prescribe such regulations as\nmay be necessary to carry out this title.\n(b) Consultation.--In prescribing any regulations authorized under\nthis section, the Secretary--\n(1) shall consult with the Secretary of Labor; and\n(2) may consult with--\n(A) other Federal agencies that have expertise in\nartificial intelligence or health care; and\n(B) other Federal agencies that have jurisdiction\nover labor and employment issues, including the Equal\nEmployment Opportunity Commission, the Department of\nJustice, and the National Labor Relations Board.\n\nTITLE II--ADVERSE EMPLOYMENT ACTIONS; WHISTLEBLOWER PROTECTIONS\n\nSEC. 201. PROHIBITION ON ADVERSE EMPLOYMENT ACTIONS.\n\nNo covered entity shall take an adverse employment action against a\nhealth care professional employed by, or otherwise engaged in the\nperformance of work for remuneration for, the covered entity because\nthe health care professional overrides an AI/CDSS output in a manner\nconsistent with the requirements under section 101.\n\nSEC. 202. WHISTLEBLOWER PROTECTIONS.\n\nNo covered entity shall discriminate or retaliate (including\nthrough intimidation, threats, coercion, or harassment) against any\nindividual employed by, or otherwise engaged in the performance of work\nfor remuneration for, the covered entity--\n(1) because the individual exercises, or attempts to\nexercise, any right provided under this Act; or\n(2) because the individual (or another individual or\nrepresentative acting at the request of the individual) has--\n(A) filed a written or oral complaint to the\ncovered entity or a Federal, State, local, or Tribal\ngovernment entity of a possible violation of this Act;\n(B) sought assistance or intervention with respect\nto an AI/CDSS-related concern from the covered entity,\na Federal, State, local, or Tribal government, or any\nindividual or entity representing workers;\n(C) instituted, caused to be instituted, or\notherwise participated in any inquiry or proceeding\nunder or related to this Act;\n(D) given, or is about to give, any information in\nconnection with any inquiry or proceeding relating to\nany right provided under this Act;\n(E) testified, or is about to testify, in any\ninquiry or proceeding relating to any right provided\nunder this Act; or\n(F) discussed a possible violation of this Act with\na co-worker.\n\nSEC. 203. ENFORCEMENT.\n\n(a) Enforcement by Department of Labor.--\n(1) Investigation.--\n(A) In general.--To ensure compliance with this\ntitle, the Secretary of Labor (referred to in this\ntitle as the ``Secretary'')--\n(i) shall have--\n(I) the investigative authority\nprovided under section 11(a) of the\nFair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (29\nU.S.C. 211(a)); and\n(II) the subpoena authority\nprovided under section 9 of such Act\n(29 U.S.C. 209); and\n(ii) may require, by general or special\norders, a covered entity to file with the\nSecretary, in such form as the Secretary may\nprescribe, annual or special reports or answers\nin writing to specific questions (including\ninformation and records) as the Secretary may\nrequire as to the organization, business,\nconduct, practices, management, and relation to\nother corporations, partnerships, and\nindividuals, of the covered entity.\n(B) Reports and answers.--A covered entity shall\nfile any reports and answers (including information and\nrecords) required under subparagraph (A)(ii) in such\nmanner, including under oath or otherwise, and within\nsuch reasonable time period as the Secretary may\nrequire.\n(C) Joint investigations.--The Secretary may\nconduct investigations and make requests for\ninformation, as authorized under this Act, on a joint\nbasis with another Federal agency, a State attorney\ngeneral, or a State agency.\n(D) Obligation to keep, preserve, and make\navailable records.--A covered entity shall make, keep,\npreserve, and make available to the Secretary records\npertaining to compliance with this title in accordance\nwith section 11(c) of the Fair Labor Standards Act of\n1938 (29 U.S.C. 211(c)) and in accordance with any\nregulation or order issued by the Secretary.\n(2) Enforcement.--The Secretary shall receive, investigate,\nand attempt to resolve complaints of violations of this title\nin the same manner that the Secretary receives, investigates,\nand attempts to resolve complaints of violations of sections 6\nand 7 of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (29 U.S.C. 206\nand 207).\n(3) Civil monetary penalties.--Subject to subsection (c),\nthe Secretary may impose a civil monetary penalty on any person\nthat violates this title--\n(A) in an amount of not more than $76,987 per\nviolation; or\n(B) for repeat violations, in an amount of not more\nthan $769,870 per violation.\n(4) Administrative complaints.--An individual adversely\naffected by an alleged violation of this title may--\n(A) file a complaint of a violation of this title\nwith the Secretary; and\n(B) designate a representative of a labor\norganization, regardless of the relationship between\nthe individual and the labor organization, to--\n(i) file the complaint on behalf of the\nindividual; or\n(ii) represent the individual for purposes\nof engagement with the Secretary regarding such\ncomplaint, including being present at worker\ninterviews and participating in workplace\ninspections, conferences, and settlement\nnegotiations.\n(5) Litigation.--The Solicitor of Labor may appear for and\nrepresent the Secretary on any litigation brought under this\nsubsection. If the Secretary determines that a covered entity\nhas violated this title, the Secretary may file a civil action\nin any appropriate United States district court to obtain\ninjunctive relief to enforce this title.\n(6) Burdens of proof.--All complaints under this subsection\nshall be governed by the legal burdens of proof set forth in\nsection 42121(b) of title 49, United States Code.\n(b) Private Right of Action.--\n(1) In general.--Notwithstanding any action by the\nSecretary under subsection (a), any individual adversely\naffected by an alleged violation of this title (or a\nrepresentative on behalf of such individual) may commence a\ncivil action against any covered entity that violates this\ntitle in any Federal court of competent jurisdiction.\n(2) Relief.--\n(A) In general.--In a civil action brought under\nparagraph (1) in which the individual described in such\nparagraph prevails, the court may award the\nindividual--\n(i) damages of--\n(I) an amount equal to the sum of\nany actual damages including back pay\nsustained by the individual; or\n(II) not more than treble damages;\n(ii) statutory damages described in\nsubparagraph (B);\n(iii) injunctive relief;\n(iv) equitable relief;\n(v) reasonable attorney fees and litigation\ncosts; and\n(vi) while the action is pending, temporary\nrelief, including temporary reinstatement.\n(B) Statutory damages.--\n(i) In general.--The court may, in\naccordance with clause (ii), award statutory\ndamages under subparagraph (A)(ii) against a\ncovered entity in the following amounts:\n(I) For each violation of section\n201 (regarding adverse employment\nactions), the court may award damages\nof an amount (subject to subsection\n(c)) of not less than $5,000 and not\nmore than $20,000.\n(II) For each violation of section\n202 (regarding whistleblower\nprotections), the court may award\ndamages of an amount (subject to\nsubsection (c)) of not less than\n$10,000 and not more than $100,000.\n(ii) Considerations for statutory\ndamages.--In determining the amount of\nstatutory damages assessed under this\nsubparagraph against a covered entity, the\ncourt shall consider any relevant circumstances\npresented by the parties to the action,\nincluding--\n(I) the nature and seriousness of\nthe violation;\n(II) the number of violations;\n(III) the persistence of the\nmisconduct;\n(IV) the length of time over which\nthe misconduct occurred;\n(V) the willfulness of the\nmisconduct; and\n(VI) the assets, liabilities, and\nnet worth of the covered entity.\n(3) Remedies for state workers.--\n(A) Waiver of sovereign immunity.--A State's\nreceipt or use of Federal financial assistance for any\nprogram or activity of a State shall constitute a\nwaiver of sovereign immunity, under the 11th Amendment\nto the Constitution of the United States or otherwise,\nto a suit under this subsection for the relief\ndescribed in paragraph (2) authorized under this\nsubsection brought by an individual employed under, or\notherwise engaged in the performance of work for\nremuneration under, that program or activity.\n(B) Official capacity.--An official of a State may\nbe sued in the official capacity of the official by any\nindividual who has complied with the procedures under\nthis paragraph, for injunctive relief that is\nauthorized under this subsection. In such a suit the\ncourt may award to the prevailing party those costs\nauthorized by section 722 of the Revised Statutes (42\nU.S.C. 1988).\n(C) Applicability.--With respect to a particular\nprogram or activity, subparagraph (A) applies to\nconduct that occurs--\n(i) after the date of enactment of this\nAct; and\n(ii) on or after the day on which a State\nfirst receives or uses Federal financial\nassistance for that program or activity.\n(4) Definition of program or activity.--In this subsection,\nthe term ``program or activity'' has the meaning given the term\nin section 606 of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C.\n2000d-4a).\n(c) Inflation Adjustment.--\n(1) In general.--Subject to paragraphs (2) and (3), the\nSecretary, not later than September 1 of each calendar year,\nshall adjust the dollar amounts referred to in subsections\n(a)(3) and (b)(2)(B)(i) by the percent increase, if any, in the\nconsumer price index for all urban consumers (United States\ncity average), or a successor index, as determined by the\nBureau of Labor Statistics, or a successor agency, for the most\nrecent 12-month period for which data is available.\n(2) Rounding.--Any adjustment under paragraph (1) that is\nnot a multiple of $10 shall be rounded to the nearest multiple\nof $10.\n(3) Publication.--The Secretary shall publish the adjusted\namounts under paragraph (1) in the Federal Register, and on the\nofficial website of the Department of Labor, not later than\nOctober 1, of the applicable calendar year for the increase\nunder such paragraph.\n(4) Effective date.--Each adjustment under paragraph (1)\nshall take effect on January 1 of the first calendar year\nbeginning after the date of the increase under such paragraph.\n(d) Arbitration and Class Action.--Notwithstanding any other\nprovision of law, no predispute arbitration agreement or predispute\njoint-action waiver shall be valid or enforceable with respect to any\nalleged violation of this title.\n\nSEC. 204. REGULATIONS.\n\n(a) In General.--The Secretary may prescribe such regulations as\nmay be necessary to carry out this title.\n(b) Consultation.--In prescribing any regulations authorized under\nthis section, the Secretary--\n(1) shall consult with the Secretary of Health and Human\nServices; and\n(2) may consult with--\n(A) other Federal agencies that have expertise in\nartificial intelligence or health care; and\n(B) other Federal agencies that have jurisdiction\nover labor and employment issues, including the Equal\nEmployment Opportunity Commission, the Department of\nJustice, and the National Labor Relations Board.\n\nTITLE III--GENERAL PROVISIONS\n\nSEC. 301. EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS FOR COVERED ENTITIES AND HEALTH CARE\nPROFESSIONALS.\n\nNot later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the\nSecretary of Health and Human Services, in consultation with the\nSecretary of Labor, shall develop and disseminate education materials\nfor--\n(1) covered entities with respect to the compliance of such\nentities with the requirements under this Act; and\n(2) health care professionals to inform such professionals\nof their rights and protections under this Act.\n\nSEC. 302. STATE ENFORCEMENT.\n\n(a) In General.--In any case in which a State attorney general or a\nState privacy regulator has reason to believe that an interest of the\nresidents of a State has been or is adversely affected by any covered\nentity that violates any provision of this Act, the State attorney\ngeneral or State privacy regulator, as parens patriae, may bring a\ncivil action on behalf of the residents of the State in an appropriate\nState court or an appropriate district court of the United States to--\n(1) enjoin further violation of such provision by the\ncovered entity;\n(2) compel compliance with such provision;\n(3) obtain damages, civil penalties, restitution, or other\ncompensation on behalf of the residents of the State; or\n(4) obtain reasonable attorney's fees and other litigation\ncosts reasonably incurred.\n(b) Rights of Agency.--Before initiating a civil action under\nsubsection (a), the State attorney general or State privacy regulator,\nas the case may be, shall notify the Secretary in writing of such civil\naction. Upon receiving such notice, the Secretary may--\n(1) intervene in such action; and\n(2) upon intervening--\n(A) be heard on all matters arising in such civil\naction; and\n(B) file petitions for appeal of a decision in such\naction.\n(c) Preemptive Action by Agency.--In any case in which a civil\naction is instituted by or on behalf of the Secretary for a violation\nof this Act, a State attorney general or State privacy regulator may\nnot, during the pendency of such action, institute a civil action\nagainst any defendant named in the complaint in the action instituted\nby or on behalf of the Secretary for a violation that is alleged in\nsuch complaint. In a case brought by the Secretary that affects the\ninterests of a State, the State attorney general or State privacy\nregulator may intervene as of right pursuant to the Federal Rules of\nCivil Procedure.\n(d) Preservation of State Powers.--Except as provided in subsection\n(c), no provision of this Act shall be construed as altering, limiting,\nor affecting the authority of a State attorney general or State privacy\nregulator to--\n(1) bring an action or other regulatory proceeding arising\nsolely under the laws in effect in that State; or\n(2) exercise the powers conferred on the State attorney\ngeneral or State privacy regulator by the laws of the State,\nincluding the ability to conduct investigations, administer\noaths or affirmations, or compel the attendance of witnesses or\nthe production of documentary or other evidence.\n(e) Definition of Secretary.--In this section, the term\n``Secretary'' means--\n(1) with respect to a violation of title I, the Secretary\nof Health and Human Services; and\n(2) with respect to a violation of title II, the Secretary\nof Labor.\n\nSEC. 303. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.\n\nNothing in this Act shall protect a health care professional from a\nmedical malpractice or negligence claim for health care services\nprovided through overriding an AI/CDSS output.\n\nSEC. 304. NON-PREEMPTION.\n\nNothing in this Act shall preempt a State law or collective\nbargaining agreement.\n<all>","changes":[{"id":589,"doc_id":187,"v_from":288,"v_to":13673,"detected_at":"2026-09-11 02:51:39","added":652,"removed":11,"summary":"--- \n+++ \n-Error occurred. The page you requested cannot be found.\n-\n-Please report this error to askGPO.\n-\n-Provide the following information to help us resolve this problem: the URL of the page you were trying to access, the steps you followed to produce the error, specific search or browse terms, and/or a screenshot of the page where the error occurred.\n-\n-Thank you for your patience.\n-\n-Homepage\n-\n-Search Tips\n+[Congressional Bills 119th Congress]\n+[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]\n+[S. 2997 Introduced in Senate (IS)]\n+\n+<DOC>\n+\n+119th CONGRESS\n+1st Session\n+S. 2997\n+\n+To protect the independent judgment of health care professionals acting\n+in the scope of their practice in overriding AI/CDSS outputs, and for\n+other purposes.\n+\n+_______________________________________________________________________\n+\n+IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES\n+\n+October 9, 2025\n+\n+Mr. Markey (for himself and Mr. Blumenthal) introduced the following\n+bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Health,\n+Education, Labor, and Pensions\n+\n+_______________________________________________________________________\n+\n+A BILL\n+\n+To protect the independent judgment of health care professionals acting\n+in the scope of their practice in overriding AI/CDSS outputs, and for\n+other purposes.\n+\n+Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the\n+United States of America in Congress assembled,\n+\n+SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.\n+\n+This Act may be cited as the ``Right to Override Act''.\n+\n+SEC. 2. TABLE OF CONTENTS.\n+\n+The table of contents for this Act is as follows:\n+\n+Sec. 1. Short title.\n+Sec. 2. Table of contents.\n+Sec. 3. Definitions."}],"passport":{"data":{"act":{"jurisdiction":"США","title_official":"Right to Override Act","title_short":"Право отменить решение ИИ-системы","level":"Закон","date_adopted":"2025-10-09","date_in_force":"","date_version":"","phased":"","status":"Действует","sunset":"","regulator":"Министерство здравоохранения и социальных служб, Министерство труда","related":""},"goal":{"problem":"Защита независимости медицинского персонала при принятии решений относительно использования систем искусственного интеллекта в клинической практике.","goal":"Обеспечение возможности медицинским работникам самостоятельно принимать решения о применении рекомендаций таких систем и защита их от дискриминации и увольнения за отказ следовать этим рекомендациям.","targets":"","scope":"Медицинские работники, клиники, страховые компании, государственные учреждения, использующие системы искусственного интеллекта для поддержки клинических решений.","exclusions":""},"subjects_note":{"protected":"Медицинский персонал, пациенты"},"subjects":[{"role":"Поставщик медицинских услуг, клиника, страховая компания, государственное учреждение","who":"Работодатель, медицинская организация, медицинское учреждение, страховщик, государственный орган","criteria":"Наличие сотрудников-медиков, использование систем искусственного интеллекта для клинических решений","count":"нет данных"}],"norms":[{"address":"SEC. 202","addressee":"Работодатель","essence":"Работодатели не могут дискриминировать или подвергать преследованиям работников за обращение в органы власти или иные организации с жалобами на нарушения законодательства.","type":"Запрет","mechanism":"Ограничение модели","cost_channel":"Прямой платёж","cost_kind":"По событию","trigger":"По обращению работника","sanction":"Гражданские штрафы","refs":"","form":"Цифровая, бумажная, смешанная","in_force":"","ru_analog":"Требует проверки"}]},"made_by":"GigaChat-2","made_at":"2026-09-16 07:17:15","edited_at":null,"edited_by":null}}