Quantum transition
In June 2026, the U.S. passed executive order on the development of quantum innovations. The plan is to build1 at least one quantum computer to solve scientific problems that cannot be solved on conventional computers, as well as to develop quantum sensors and networks.
Из выпуска мониторинга No. 6 (30), June 2026 · выпуск целиком, PDF · на сайте Института Гайдара
In June 2026, the U.S. passed executive order on the development of quantum innovations. The plan is to build1 at least one quantum computer to solve scientific problems that cannot be solved on conventional computers, as well as to develop quantum sensors and networks.
According to OECD, by the end of 2025, 18 OECD and EU countries were already developing quantum technologies, and since 2013, governments around the world have allocated approximately $55.7 bn dollars to their development.
The development of quantum technologies creates new cybersecurity risks. It will become possible to crack the cryptographic algorithms and ciphers used to protect communications, payments, and data. We discussed these risks in Monitoring No. 10 (22).
Quantum sensors are of particular interest, as they allow for highly accurate measurements of physical parameters (such as time and pressure) and are therefore used in applications where the outcome depends on measurement accuracy—for example, in mining, navigation, and space exploration.
However, working with such sensors involves a number of risks related to data trust: Is the sensor itself functioning correctly? Have its readings been distorted? Was the equipment manufactured securely? Are there any vulnerabilities in the software running the device? That is why, in June 2026, Australia published Guidelines for companies working with quantum sensors. Four risks are highlighted:
Risk 1: The sensor’s operation can be affected by the external environment. Sensors are highly sensitive and can pick up not only the desired signal but also interference, which reduces data accuracy. Therefore, it is important to choose the correct location for installing the sensor.
Risk 2: Data tampering. An attacker could mimic a genuine signal or inject extraneous noise to cause the sensor to transmit incorrect data. Therefore, it is necessary to verify the authenticity of the data, for example, through How quantum technologies become the new infrastructure?2 secure signal verification and an anomaly detection system.
Risk 3: Supplier and material security. Quantum sensors require specialized materials, components, equipment, and firmware (software). Consequently, during the manufacturing or supply chain stages, there is a risk that counterfeit components or malicious software could be introduced into the device, which could compromise its operation in the future. Companies are advised to verify the origin and authenticity of equipment and components.
Risk 4: Software and firmware security. Software vulnerabilities can disrupt the sensor’s operation and distort the data it transmits. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly check the software through which the sensor operates, update it in a timely manner, and fix any detected bugs.
What is next?
Quantum sensors are widely used in Russia; for example, in geological exploration, the company Geoscan uses quantum magnetometers to search for minerals; in medicine, QLU is developing sensors to measure the brain’s weak magnetic fields; and in navigation, Sensor Spin Technologies is developing a quantum gyroscope that can determine where an object is moving and at what speed without satellites.
Regulations governing quantum technologies, including quantum sensors, are still being developed in Russia. However, the state program for the development of quantum technologies calls for the development of four such devices and the deployment of two by 2030. Technical standards (GOSTs) are also being prepared for quantum communications and the quantum Internet of Things .
Therefore, it is important to develop regulations, particularly technical ones, that would specify how accurately quantum sensors must operate, how to verify their proper functioning, under what conditions they may be used, and how to confirm the accuracy of the data they provide.
- A computer that uses the properties of small particles (i.e., how atoms and other small particles behave) to perform calculations and can solve complex problems faster than a conventional computer. ↑
- For example, using a digital signature that confirms that the signal was sent by the sensor itself and that the data has not been tampered with. ↑
From the monitoring issue No. 6 (30), June 2026. Download the full issue (PDF) · issue page at the Gaidar Institute
